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One of vitamin D’s main functions is to ensure adequate levels of calcium in your blood.

Reduces calcification of soft tissues: Vitamin K activates matrix GLA protein, which prevents calcium from accumulating in soft tissues, such as the kidneys and blood vessels ( 5, 6).Īt this point, few controlled human studies have investigated the effects of vitamin K supplements on blood vessel calcification, but more studies are under way ( 7, 8, 9).īlood vessel calcification is implicated in the development of chronic diseases, such as heart and kidney disease ( 10, 11, 12).

Promotes calcification of bone: Vitamin K activates osteocalcin, a protein that promotes the accumulation of calcium in your bones and teeth ( 4).

Vitamin K regulates calcium in your body in at least two ways: However, vitamin D does not fully control where the calcium in your body ends up. All rights reserved.As mentioned above, vitamin D ensures that your blood levels of calcium are high enough to meet your body’s demands. However, data regarding the efficacy of vitK2 and Mg supplementation on bone are inconclusive.Ĭalcium Magnesium Post-menopausal osteoporosis Vitamin D Vitamin K2.Ĭopyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Mg deficiency could negatively influence bone and muscle health. Data suggest that VitK2 supplementation might improve bone quality and reduce fracture risk in osteoporotic patients, potentially enhancing the efficacy of Ca ± vitD. VitK2 and Mg both appear to be involved in bone metabolism. VitD supplementation is essential in patients at risk of fracture and/or vitD deficiency. Patients at risk of fracture with insufficient dietary intake and absorption could benefit from calcium supplementation, but it needs to be customized, taking into account possible side-effects and degree of adherence.

Ca supplementation alone is not recommended for fracture prevention in the general postmenopausal population. This narrative review summarizes the most recent data on Ca, vitD, vitK2 and Mg supplementation and age-related bone and muscle loss. Other supplements like vitamin K2 (VitK2) and magnesium (Mg) could contribute to the maintenance of skeletal health.

Supplementation with calcium (Ca) and/or vitamin D (vitD) is key to the management of osteoporosis.